| Dr. Townes-Anderson is using an in vitro system to examine
synaptic function and regeneration of the mature central nervous system.
We isolate functional, fully differentiated neurons from the adult vertebrate
eye and maintain them in defined culture conditions. Sensory neurons,
short interneurons, and projection neurons are all able to regrow neurites
and reform functional synapses in vitro. Projects are currently under
way to determine the specificity of synapse reformation, the effects
of calcium and other second messengers on this regeneration, the signal
transduction pathways that control cytoskeletal reorganization and changes
in gene expression, and the effects of aging on regenerative capabilities.
Much of the work is done on photoreceptors, since degeneration of these
sensory neurons is a major cause of blindness. The techniques used include
cell culture, immunocytochemistry, a variety of light microscopic techniques
(including confocal laser scanning microscopy), electron microscopy,
video-time-lapse photography, image processing, in-situ hybridization,
and Northern blots. Recently, Dr. Anderson's group began using a new
micromanipulation techniqueÑoptical tweezersÑto form specific groups
of interacting neurons in culture. In the long term, the goal of this
work is not only to better understand the capabilities of central synapses,
but also to use this information to suggest clinical solutions for central
nervous system repair and transplantation. |
The
Ocular Cell Transplantation Laboratory is the basic science research division of the Center
for Macular Degeneration Treatment and Research. The laboratory
is directed by Ms. Ilene
Sugino and is focused on the development of transplantation technology
for the treatment of various ocular conditions such as age-related macular
degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. 
